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Multimodal and Minimally Invasive Strategy for Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma: Innovative Approach Integrating APAVAC® Immunotherapy A Common Tumor in Dogs
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A common tumour in dogs
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone tumor in dogs, accounting for approximately 85% of primary bone tumors. It predominantly affects large and giant breeds and is mainly located on the appendicular skeleton (1). This tumor is highly aggressive, with a strong propensity for metastasis, particularly to the lungs.
Literature data (1,2) as well as the authors of this clinical case (3) describe the combination of local control, mainly through amputation of the affected limb, and adjuvant chemotherapy based on carboplatin as the standard treatment, offering the best survival rates and improved quality of life for affected dogs. However, this solution is sometimes refused by owners or deemed medically inappropriate.
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A challenge in veterinary oncology
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/24/3804 This clinical case reported by SAYAG et al. (3) illustrates a new multimodal strategy, combining: - Microwave ablation (MWA) for targeted destruction of tumour cells by heating the tissues.
- Cementoplasty for mechanical bone stabilisation after tumour destruction.
- Chemotherapy administered in six sessions of carboplatin to target systemic disease.
- Autologous immunotherapy APAVAC® for stimulation of the immune system against remaining tumour cells.
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The role of immunotherapy
Activation of the immune system :
The immunotherapy used here is not limited to a simple complementary treatment: it enhances the dog's natural antitumour response after the local removal of the tumour. Systemic effect and prevention of recurrences:
- The tumour destruction by MWA leads to the release of tumour antigens, allowing the immune system to learn to recognise and attack cancer cells.
- The administration of the autologous therapeutic vaccine amplifies this immune response and helps to prevent the onset of metastases.
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Promising clinical results
- Prolonged survival: 541 days after the initial diagnosis, exceeding the usual median.
- Tumour reduction stable: 25% decrease in the size of the lesion over 7 months.
- Alternative to amputation: Method suitable for owners refusing radical intervention.
- Preserved quality of life: Absence of pain 24 hours after treatment with a rapid and significant improvement in the qualitative exploration score of the owner's feelings (4).
- Validated safety: No major complications related to the protocol (apart from a pathological fracture 3 months later, managed conservatively) and no major side effects related to immunotherapy.
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A paradigm shift in veterinary oncology:
🚀 Towards more personalised and less invasive treatments This case demonstrates that immunotherapy, combined with minimally invasive techniques such as MWA, represents a credible alternative to amputation with a more animal welfare-friendly approach. 🐾 Immunotherapy: a pillar of the future against canine cancer This success encourages the development of combined strategies integrating immune system stimulation to improve the survival and quality of life of dogs affected by osteosarcoma. This success encourages the development of combined strategies integrating immune system stimulation to improve the survival and quality of life of dogs affected by osteosarcoma.
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Would you like to discuss the use of APAVAC® on an animal you are treating?
Would you like to order?
Contact-us by e-mail : adv@hastim.fr or by phone : +33 (0)5 34 47 86 10 |
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REFERENCES
- Nicolas R. Facteurs pronostiques de l’ostéosarcome appendiculaire du chien : revue de la littérature et étude rétrospective. [Internet] [Sciences du vivant]. [Lyon]: Université Campus Vétérinaire; 2022. Disponible sur: dumas-03945155
- Martin TW, Griffin L, Custis J, Ryan SD, Lafferty M, Boss MK, et al. Outcome and prognosis for canine appendicular osteosarcoma treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy in 123 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol. juin 2021;19(2):284‑94.
- Sayag D, Jacques D, Thierry F, Castell Y, Aumann M, Gauthier O, et al. Combination of CT-Guided Microwave Ablation and Cementoplasty as a Minimally Invasive Limb-Sparing Approach in a Dog with Appendicular Osteosarcoma. Animals [Internet]. 2023;13(24). Disponible sur: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/24/3804
- Testoni I, De Vincenzo C, Campigli M, Caregnato Manzatti A, Ronconi L, Uccheddu S. Validation of the HHHHHMM Scale in the Italian Context: Assessing Pets’ Quality of Life and Qualitatively Exploring Owners’ Grief. Anim Open Access J MDPI. 14 mars 2023;13(6).
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